Common Types of Windows (What are those things called?)

When we are talking to customers about their goals for windows, we ask about the types of windows they are looking for and the goals they are trying to achieve.  Often times, we find that customers might be familiar with one or two types of windows, but they are generally unclear about what else is available and what alternatives they have. 
 
We’ve heard stories from customers about how they received window consultations from other window and door companies, with incorrect or misleading information.  As a result, we felt it useful to provide a quick overview of the most common window types.[1]   This does not include a discussion of color options, features, materials, etc., which will be covered in other articles.
 
So, what are the different window types?

At a high level, the most common types of windows are:
 

• Double Hung
• Picture Window
• Slider/Glider
• Casement
• Hopper
• Awning

1. Double Hung​

The first and probably most common type of window is the double hung.  This window has two sashes (i.e., frames that hold the glass units) that both move inside the frame of the window.  The top sash can be moved down and the bottom sash can be moved up.  Both sashes can move at the same time and operate independently. 
 
The weight of the sashes in most double hung windows is lightened by an internal “balance system.”  Essentially, this is a type of spring or tension system that take on the weight of the sashes, so they function smoothly and without much effort when sliding up and down.  The balance system also helps keep the sash in the open position and prevents it from slamming downward. 
 
There are a couple of key benefits of a double hung window.  First, this window type can be opened to vent from either the top or the bottom.  Second, both sashes can be tilted inward to clean the exterior of the glass.  This inward tilting feature is especially helpful for windows located on a second floor because cleaning would otherwise require the use of a ladder.  The window screen is located on the outside of this type of window.  Below is a picture of a double hung window.

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2. Picture Window
 
Another common type of window is a picture window, which is just a window that has no moving parts.  This type of window is comprised of a glass unit that sits inside a frame.  Because picture windows have no moving parts, they are the most energy efficient type of window.  Generally speaking, picture windows are also the least expensive type of window for the same reason. 
 
These types of windows are commonly found in applications where a homeowner or business is looking for a lot of glass and natural light, while maximizing the amount of energy efficiency and value.  Picture windows are often times paired with other types of windows.  For example, it is common to have a picture window in the center of a 3-window unit that has either double hungs or casement windows (see below) on each side.  These configurations help provide a lot of natural light, while also allowing the option to ventilate when desired.  Because a picture window does not open, there is no screen.  Below is a picture of a picture window.

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3.Slider/Glider
 
A third type of window is a slider or glider.  Some companies call these sliders and some call them gliders, but they are the same type of window.  This type of window looks like a double hung set on its side.  In a “2-lite” or 2 sash configuration, the slider has 2 sashes that can move, like a double hung, but sliding left to right or right to left rather than up and down.  Although similar to a double hung window in many respects, the 2-lite slider is generally not as energy efficient because its design does not have the same structural features to bolster energy efficiency.  Slider windows can also be ordered in a 3-lite configuration, which is a sliding sash on each side of a center picture window.  Slider windows make a great choice for a patio room or other areas where a large window is desired that can be easily opened.  The window screen is located on the outside of this type of window.  Below is a picture of a slider/glider window.

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 4.Casement
 
A casement window is often referred to as a “crank out” window because it uses a hand cranking mechanism to open and close the window.  Casement windows can either swing left or right when they open, similar to a door.  These windows look like a picture window because the sash that moves does not have any parts obstructing the view.  In essence, these widows are moving picture windows. 
 
Other than picture windows, casement windows are the most energy efficient type of window.  This is because there is a seal that goes around the entire perimeter of the sash that comes in contact with the frame of the window, which is compressed in place when the window is closed and secured.  The window closure is secured with a locking mechanism that pulls the sash in tight and locks the sealed sash in place.  The harder the wind pushes against this type of window, the tighter the seal becomes.
 
Casement windows are the most complicated type of window from a mechanical perspective, but they are a great choice for an application that calls for maximum visibility, the ability to open the window, and a high level of energy efficiency.  Because of their high level of complexity, casement windows generally cost more than other types of windows.  But the investment can pay off given the excellent energy efficiency of these windows.  The window screen is located on the inside of this type of window.  Below is a picture of a casement window.

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 5.Hopper
 
A hopper window is normally rectangular in shape and wider than it is tall.  This type of window is most commonly installed in basements.  Hopper windows open inward by tilting from the top and have a lever style handle which also serves as the locking mechanism.  The window screen is located on the outside of this type of window.  This window is essentially designed like an upside-down awning window.  Below is a picture of a hopper window.

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6.Awning
 
Similar to a hopper window, an awning window is normally rectangular and is wider than it is tall.  In contrast to a hopper, an awning window opens outward by lifting from the bottom and pushing out.  This type of window is commonly used in bathroom applications where it is desirable to be able to vent the room to reduce humidity while offering the weather protection offered by the way the window opens.  The window screen is located on the inside of this type of window.  Below is a picture of an awning window.

The information in this article is based on information about and experiences with Best Door & Window’s suppliers and products.